The Effect of RTLM's Rhetoric of Ethnic Hatred in Rural Rwanda

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10TheEffectofRTLM’sRhetoricofEthnicHatredinRuralRwandaCharlesMironkoBecauseofitsinflammatoryrhetoricandextremistviews,muchhasbeenmadeoftheroleofRTLMinthegenocideof1994.AccordingtoDesForges(1999:71),itwasthe‘solesourceofnewsaswellasthesoleauthorityforinterpretingitsmeaning’duringthegenocide.AlthoughnoonereallydisputesthegenocidalovertonesofRTLM’sbroadcasting,thereisdisagreementaboutthecausallinkbetweenthewordsontheairandtheviolenceontheground.SomefeelthatwithouttheassistanceofRTLM,thegenocidairescouldnothavesucceededtotheextentthattheydid.MahmoodMandani’sthesisaboutTutsiasaracializedpoliticalidentitycitesRTLMasoneof‘twopropagandaorgans[that]werecentraltothiseffort[recastingTutsiasarace]’(Mandani2001:190).TheUSStateDepartmentassertedthatRTLMbroadcasts‘ultimatelyhadalethaleffect,callingontheHutumajoritytodestroytheTutsiminority.ExpertsciteRTMLasanimportantfactorinthespreadofgenocideinthehoursanddaysfollowingHabyarimana’sdeath’(Chalk1999:97).Chrétienandhiscolleagues,authorsofthemostcomprehensiveanalysisoftheroleofmediainthegenocidetodate,givecentralimportancetoradio(includingRTLM),saying,‘Twotools,oneverymodern,theotherless[modern]wereparticularlyusedduringthegenocideagainsttheTutsisinRwanda:theradioandthemachete.Theformertogiveandreceiveorders,thesecondtocarrythemout’(Chrétienetal.1995:191).Butsomescholarshavecontestedtheroleofradio,specificallyRTLM,inthegenocide.Forexample,RichardCarverwritesthat:MostcommentaryonRwandanhateradiohasworkedonthesimpleassumptionthatsinceRTLMbroadcastpropagandaforgenocideandgenocidedidindeedoccur,theremustbeacausalrelationshipbetweenthetwo…thenotionthatpeoplecouldbeincitedtoactsofextremeviolencebytheradioisonlytenableifitisacceptedthatRTLMpropagandaunlockedprofoundorevenprimordialhatred.[MillesCollines]mayhaveproducedpropagandaforthegenocidebutitdidnotinciteit.(Carver2000:190,emphasisadded)Carveridentifiestheleapoflogicinrelatinghatespeechtomurder,withoutmorecompellingevidencethatthemurdererswere,infact,somehowmotivated125

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</mwdata><mwxhtml><wx:metadata><title>The Effect of RTLM's Rhetoric of Ethnic Hatred in Rural Rwanda</title><generator type="gdmmeta">gsmcreator</generator><indexed>yes</indexed><incalendar/><abstract> The Role of Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM) in the genocide perpetrated against Tutsi in Rwanda. </abstract><lang>eng</lang><thumbnail src=""/><authors/><publicationdate year="--" month="--" day="--"/><categories><category>Dissertations</category></categories><entity/><includeforum value=""/><protected/></wx:metadata><ga:gdm><ga:metadata><identifier/><title>The Effect of RTLM's Rhetoric of Ethnic Hatred in Rural Rwanda</title><typeofmedia>Dissertation</typeofmedia><date>--</date><description>The Role of Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM) in the genocide perpetrated against Tutsi in Rwanda.</description><topic>Propaganda</topic><creator>Charles Mironko</creator><language code="eng"/><owner>Paul</owner><location>Genocide Archive Rwanda</location><antprofile>
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      <ga:tpm t="505.33" b="515.33" l="222.14" r="227.14">a</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="620.2" b="629.2" l="192.75" r="206.25">125</ga:tpm>
    </ga:page>
    <ga:page image="index.php?action=ajax&rs=GDMgetPage&rsargs[]=The Effect of RTLMs Rhetoric of Ethnic Hatred in Rural Rwanda.Mironko, C.pdf&rsargs[]=1" number="2" width="399.28" height="665">
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      <ga:tpm t="56.3200000000001" b="66.3200000000001" l="301.50" r="312.23">an</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="92.48" b="102.48" l="124.13" r="142.07">hate</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="92.48" b="102.48" l="195.92" r="198.63">,</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="92.48" b="102.48" l="201.58" r="222.91">there</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="92.48" b="102.48" l="281.58" r="284.29">,</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="104.53" b="114.53" l="286.59" r="306.66">issue</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="116.58" b="126.58" l="261.65" r="269.81">in</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="116.58" b="126.58" l="271.68" r="298.55">favour</ga:tpm>
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The Effect of RTLM's Rhetoric of Ethnic Hatred in Rural Rwanda

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