La Violence Politique au Rwanda 1991-1993

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LAVIOLENCEPOLITIQUEAURWANDA1991-1993Témoignagesurlerôledesorganisationsdesjeunessesdespartispolitiques1parJamesK.Gasana2Lesoriginesdel’utilisationdesjeunesdanslaviolencepolitiqueauRwanda1.LapremièreutilisationdelajeunessedanslaviolencepolitiqueparlesfactionspolitiquesauRwandadatede1959.Acetteépoque,lesjeunesTutsidupartimonarchisteUNARsontutilisésparlesseigneursféodauxcontrelesleadersHutuquiréclamentl’abolitiondurégimeféodaletlesréformesdémocratiques.Qualifiésd’arbresmauvaisàdéracineretbrûler,cesleadersdémocratessontterrorisés,d’autressontassassinés.Lebutpoursuiviparl’aristocratieTutsiestdemaintenirlesprivilègesquesesmembresdétiennentdusystèmeféodal.L’UNARenvisagemêmed’enrôlerlajeunesseTutsidansunservicenational.Dansleurcirculaire3du24septembre1959adresséeauxprêtresduRwanda,lesévêquescatholiquesmettentengardecontre«legravedangerqu’ilyauraitàcréerdesjeunessesdanslalignedesjeunessesultranationalistesoujeunessesdeparti.»2.Aprèsl’IndépendanceduRwandaen1962,lesseigneursexilésutilisentlajeunesseTutsidescampsderéfugiésenOugandaetauBurundipourcréerlemouvementarmédénommé«Inyenzi4»quiattaquaitleRwandaentre1962et1967,pourrenverserlesinstitutionsrépublicaines.1Dépositionàl’intentiondela«Missiond’informationsurlesopérationsmilitairesmenéesparlaFrance,d’autrespaysetl’ONUauRwandaentre1990et1994»,AssembléeNationale,France.2JamesK.Gasanaestingénieurforestierdel'UniversitédeMakerere,Kampala,Ouganda.Ilaunemaîtriseèssciencesenaménagementdesforêtsdel'UniversitédesAndes,Mérida,Vénézuela.Ilesttitulaired'undoctoratèssciencesforestièresdel'Universitéd'Idaho,Moscow,Etats-Unis.Ilaétédirecteurdesprojetsdedéveloppementruraldanssonpays,leRwanda.Enmars1990,lePrésidentdelaRépubliqueRwandaiseluiconfielaprésidencedelaCommissionNationaled'Agriculture.Enjuillet1990,ilsevoitconfiélesfonctionsauGouvernement,successivementcommeMinistredel'Agriculture,del'ElevageetdesForêts(juillet90-31décembre91),del’Agriculture,del’Elevageetdel’Environnement(janvier-avril92)etdelaDéfense(avril92-juillet93).IldémissionneduGouvernementle20juillet1993.Depuislors,ilvitenSuisseoùilareprissesactivitésprofessionnellesdanslesdomainesdudéveloppementruraletdelaforesterietropicale.Ilaeulesdistinctionsd’honneurdeChanoinehonorairedel’EgliseEpiscopaleauRwanda(1990),AlumniAchievementAward,Universitéd’Idaho,USA(1993),Membred’honneurdelaSociétéForestièreSuisse(1997).3VoirF.Nkundabagenzi,1962.Rwandapolitique1958-1960.LesdossiersduCRISP,Bruxelles.p.139.4Leterme«Inyenzi»(littéralement:cancrelat)estuneappellationcodéequelesinitiateursdelarébellion,trèstraditionalistes,avaientdonnéaumouvementarmérespectif.Deschercheurssontparvenusàledécoder,etilestl’abréviationenKinyarwandade«Ingangurarugoyiyemejekubaingenzi»,cequisetraduitpar«combattantdelamiliceIngangurarugoquis’estdonnécommedevised’êtrelameilleure».LesIngangurarugoétaientunedesmiliceslesplusredoutéesdumonarqueRwabugiri(pourcesexplications,voirLaurienUwizeyimana,1992,Octobreetnovembre1990.LeFrontPatriotique

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</mwdata><mwxhtml><wx:metadata><title/><generator type="gdmmeta">gsmcreator</generator><indexed>yes</indexed><incalendar/><abstract>  The role of youth organizations of political parties in the political violence occured in Rwanda in 1991-1993.</abstract><lang>eng</lang><thumbnail src=""/><authors/><publicationdate year="--" month="--" day="--"/><categories><category>Dissertations</category></categories><entity/><includeforum value=""/><protected/></wx:metadata><ga:gdm><ga:metadata><identifier/><title>La Violence  Politique au Rwanda 1991-1993</title><typeofmedia>Dissertations</typeofmedia><date>--</date><description>The role of youth organizations of political parties in the political violence occured in Rwanda in 1991-1993.</description><topic/><creator>James K. Gasana</creator><language code="eng"/><owner>Genocide Archive Rwanda</owner><location>Genocide Archive Rwanda</location><antprofile>
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      <ga:tpm t="592.29" b="602.37" l="255.96" r="261.82">),</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="626.85" b="636.93" l="296.41" r="340.08">1958-1960</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="180.21" b="192.21" l="257.52" r="266.12">la</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="180.21" b="192.21" l="270.96" r="296.18">NRA</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="180.21" b="192.21" l="301.02" r="361.83">commencent</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="180.21" b="192.21" l="366.67" r="375.28">la</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="180.21" b="192.21" l="380.12" r="410.49">guerre</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="180.21" b="192.21" l="415.33" r="445.03">contre</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="180.21" b="192.21" l="449.87" r="458.48">le</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="180.21" b="192.21" l="463.32" r="502.36">Rwanda</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="180.21" b="192.21" l="502.30" r="505.30">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="180.21" b="192.21" l="510.14" r="522.03">Ils</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="193.89" b="205.89" l="104.16" r="154.16">mobilisent</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="193.89" b="205.89" l="161.52" r="170.11">et</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="193.89" b="205.89" l="177.47" r="210.42">arment</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="193.89" b="205.89" l="217.78" r="229.71">10</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="193.89" b="205.89" l="229.63" r="232.63">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="193.89" b="205.89" l="232.56" r="250.41">000</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="193.89" b="205.89" l="257.77" r="288.05">jeunes</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="193.89" b="205.89" l="295.42" r="317.19">pour</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="193.89" b="205.89" l="324.55" r="341.73">une</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="193.89" b="205.89" l="349.09" r="383.29">attaque</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="193.89" b="205.89" l="390.66" r="428.12">surprise</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="193.89" b="205.89" l="435.48" r="473.70">massive</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="193.89" b="205.89" l="481.06" r="496.24">qui</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="193.89" b="205.89" l="503.61" r="522.05">doit</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="207.57" b="219.57" l="104.16" r="149.60">permettre</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="207.57" b="219.57" l="152.89" r="158.22">à</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="207.57" b="219.57" l="173.40" r="213.57">diaspora</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="207.57" b="219.57" l="216.86" r="241.26">Tutsi</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="207.57" b="219.57" l="310.52" r="347.44">pouvoir</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="207.57" b="219.57" l="350.73" r="356.06">à</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="207.57" b="219.57" l="359.35" r="389.01">Kigali</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="207.57" b="219.57" l="388.94" r="391.94">.</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="207.57" b="219.57" l="395.24" r="408.50">Ce</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="221.25" b="233.25" l="104.16" r="112.76">la</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="221.25" b="233.25" l="115.81" r="162.51">résistance</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="221.25" b="233.25" l="165.56" r="214.94">inattendue</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="221.25" b="233.25" l="236.90" r="260.10">FAR</ga:tpm>
      <ga:tpm t="221.25" b="233.25" l="263.15" r="271.75">et</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="221.25" b="233.25" l="326.94" r="388.32">commandant</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="221.25" b="233.25" l="406.36" r="432.09">Front</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="221.25" b="233.25" l="

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La Violence Politique au Rwanda 1991-1993

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