La Violence Politique au Rwanda 1991-1993

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LAVIOLENCEPOLITIQUEAURWANDA1991-1993Témoignagesurlerôledesorganisationsdesjeunessesdespartispolitiques1parJamesK.Gasana2Lesoriginesdel’utilisationdesjeunesdanslaviolencepolitiqueauRwanda1.LapremièreutilisationdelajeunessedanslaviolencepolitiqueparlesfactionspolitiquesauRwandadatede1959.Acetteépoque,lesjeunesTutsidupartimonarchisteUNARsontutilisésparlesseigneursféodauxcontrelesleadersHutuquiréclamentl’abolitiondurégimeféodaletlesréformesdémocratiques.Qualifiésd’arbresmauvaisàdéracineretbrûler,cesleadersdémocratessontterrorisés,d’autressontassassinés.Lebutpoursuiviparl’aristocratieTutsiestdemaintenirlesprivilègesquesesmembresdétiennentdusystèmeféodal.L’UNARenvisagemêmed’enrôlerlajeunesseTutsidansunservicenational.Dansleurcirculaire3du24septembre1959adresséeauxprêtresduRwanda,lesévêquescatholiquesmettentengardecontre«legravedangerqu’ilyauraitàcréerdesjeunessesdanslalignedesjeunessesultranationalistesoujeunessesdeparti.»2.Aprèsl’IndépendanceduRwandaen1962,lesseigneursexilésutilisentlajeunesseTutsidescampsderéfugiésenOugandaetauBurundipourcréerlemouvementarmédénommé«Inyenzi4»quiattaquaitleRwandaentre1962et1967,pourrenverserlesinstitutionsrépublicaines.1Dépositionàl’intentiondela«Missiond’informationsurlesopérationsmilitairesmenéesparlaFrance,d’autrespaysetl’ONUauRwandaentre1990et1994»,AssembléeNationale,France.2JamesK.Gasanaestingénieurforestierdel'UniversitédeMakerere,Kampala,Ouganda.Ilaunemaîtriseèssciencesenaménagementdesforêtsdel'UniversitédesAndes,Mérida,Vénézuela.Ilesttitulaired'undoctoratèssciencesforestièresdel'Universitéd'Idaho,Moscow,Etats-Unis.Ilaétédirecteurdesprojetsdedéveloppementruraldanssonpays,leRwanda.Enmars1990,lePrésidentdelaRépubliqueRwandaiseluiconfielaprésidencedelaCommissionNationaled'Agriculture.Enjuillet1990,ilsevoitconfiélesfonctionsauGouvernement,successivementcommeMinistredel'Agriculture,del'ElevageetdesForêts(juillet90-31décembre91),del’Agriculture,del’Elevageetdel’Environnement(janvier-avril92)etdelaDéfense(avril92-juillet93).IldémissionneduGouvernementle20juillet1993.Depuislors,ilvitenSuisseoùilareprissesactivitésprofessionnellesdanslesdomainesdudéveloppementruraletdelaforesterietropicale.Ilaeulesdistinctionsd’honneurdeChanoinehonorairedel’EgliseEpiscopaleauRwanda(1990),AlumniAchievementAward,Universitéd’Idaho,USA(1993),Membred’honneurdelaSociétéForestièreSuisse(1997).3VoirF.Nkundabagenzi,1962.Rwandapolitique1958-1960.LesdossiersduCRISP,Bruxelles.p.139.4Leterme«Inyenzi»(littéralement:cancrelat)estuneappellationcodéequelesinitiateursdelarébellion,trèstraditionalistes,avaientdonnéaumouvementarmérespectif.Deschercheurssontparvenusàledécoder,etilestl’abréviationenKinyarwandade«Ingangurarugoyiyemejekubaingenzi»,cequisetraduitpar«combattantdelamiliceIngangurarugoquis’estdonnécommedevised’êtrelameilleure».LesIngangurarugoétaientunedesmiliceslesplusredoutéesdumonarqueRwabugiri(pourcesexplications,voirLaurienUwizeyimana,1992,Octobreetnovembre1990.LeFrontPatriotique

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</mwdata><mwxhtml><wx:metadata><title/><generator type="gdmmeta">gsmcreator</generator><indexed>yes</indexed><incalendar/><abstract>  The role of youth organizations of political parties in the political violence occured in Rwanda in 1991-1993.</abstract><lang>eng</lang><thumbnail src=""/><authors/><publicationdate year="--" month="--" day="--"/><categories><category>Dissertations</category></categories><entity/><includeforum value=""/><protected/></wx:metadata><ga:gdm><ga:metadata><identifier/><title>La Violence  Politique au Rwanda 1991-1993</title><typeofmedia>Dissertations</typeofmedia><date>--</date><description>The role of youth organizations of political parties in the political violence occured in Rwanda in 1991-1993.</description><topic/><creator>James K. Gasana</creator><language code="eng"/><owner>Genocide Archive Rwanda</owner><location>Genocide Archive Rwanda</location><antprofile>
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      <ga:tpm t="592.29" b="602.37" l="255.96" r="261.82">),</ga:tpm>
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      <ga:tpm t="626.85" b="636.93" l="296.41" r="340.08">1958-1960</ga:tpm>
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La Violence Politique au Rwanda 1991-1993

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