Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda ruri i Kaduha, rwubatse mu mudugudu wa Bamba, akagali ka Kavumu, umurenge wa Kaduha, akarere ka Nyamagabe, intara y’Amajyepfo.
Uru rwibutso rwafunguwe ku mugaragaro na Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika, Kagame Paul i Kaduha kuwa 24/7/2001.
Umubare w’Abatutsi bashyinguye muri uru rwibutso ni 47.311, uwo mubare ugaragara muri registres z’urwibutso, uwo mubare ni uwo mu mwaka wa 2013 kuko kugeza ubu, urwibutzo rukomeza gushyingurwamo uko imibiri ibonetse. Imbere mu rwibutso hari imibiri iriho itunganywa itegereje kuzashyingurwa.
Mu murenge wa Kaduha itariki yo kwibuka irahindagurika buri mwaka bitewe na gahunda itegurwa n’inzego z’ubuyobozi mu karere n’umurenge. Ariko, nkuko byemezwa n’abatangabuhamya, itariki yo kwibuka yakabaye iya 21 Mata za buri mwaka, kuko abatutsi bari bahungiye mu Kiliziya bishwe kuri iyo tariki, kandi aho mu kiliziya niho haguye abantu benshi.
Mu bushakashatsi bwakoreshejwe na Minisiteri y’Amashuri Makuru, Ubushakashatsi n’Umuco mu 1996; Komisiyo yakoze ubwo bushakashatsi yavuze ko kuri Paruwasi i Kaduha haguye abantu barenga 20.000.JPG)
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Kaduha, mbere ya demokarasi y’Aboro nkuko abaturage baho bakunze kwita icyo ahandi bita Revolisiyo yo mu 1959 cyangwa Muyaga, yari muri Sheferi y’u Bunyambiriri kwa Shefu Birasa, muri Teritwari ya Nyanza.
U Bunyambiriri bugizwe n’imisozi miremire, ni akarere k’ubworozi bw’inka nubwo hahanamye, ni nabwo bukungu bukuru bwaharangaga.
U Bunyambiriri bugizwe kandi n’icyari amakomini: Karambo, Muko, Musange na Musebeya.
Mbere ya 1959, nta kibazo cy’amoko hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi, bari basangiye byose, bahuriye ku bikorwa bibatunze kandi bibateza imbere by’ubworozi bw’inka, n’ubuhinzi bwo mu misozi miremire irangwa n’ubukonje: amashaza, ibigori n’ibirayi mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’u Bunyambiriri; n’ ibishyimbo, urutoki n’ibijumba mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba.
III. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi guhera mu 1959 kugeza mu 1962
Muri aka karere, ubwicanyi n’ubundi bugizi bwa nabi burimo gutwika amazu y’abatutsi, kurya inka zabo no kubamenesha, byarakozwe kimwe no mu Bufundu sheferi baturanye kandi basangiye amateka cyane.
Gikongoro, u Bunyambiriri buherereyemo, yakunze kugira amateka mabi, kubera ubwicanyi bwakorewe abatutsi kuva mu 1959 kugeza mu 1994.
Mu 1959-1960 hatangiye igikorwa cyo guca abatutsi bakomeye, abatware n’inararibonye, babacira i Nyamata mu Bugesera n’i Rukumberi mu Gisaka. Abantu baturutse mu misozi miremire, akarere gatandukanye cyane n’ako bari baciriwemo byaragoranye cyane kukamenyera. Abakuze n’abana barahageze bicwa na malariya n’indwara y’umusinziro iterwa n’isazi ya tsetse. Iyo politiki yo guca abatutsi yazanywe na PARMEHUTU, ifatanije n’ubutegetsi bw’Ababiligi.
Mu gitabo cye, Imibereho y’Abatutsi kuri Repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri (1959-1990), Antoine Mugesera avuga ko: “Impunzi zimaze kuba nyinshi muri ubwo buhungiro, Leta mbiligi yatangiye kuhabirukana, bamwe yagerageje kubasubiza iwabo ku ngufu, abandi ikabatuza kure y’iwabo. Abasigaye ikabohereza hanze ndetse ikabibafashamo, rimwe na rimwe hari abagendaga mu makamyo Leta mbirigi yabateganirije kandi bahungiye mu mahanga” (pp.75-76).
Mu 1960, amatora ya Komini yegereje, abatutsi baratwikiwe, urugomo rukaza ahanini ruturutse i Bufundu. Aba Parmehutu batwikaga ntacyo bikanga kuko bari bahagarikiwe na Perefe Jean Baptiste Rwasibo na Col. Guy Logiest wari Résident wigaragaje mu bikorwa byo kumenesha Abatutsi henshi mu Rwanda. Ntatinya kubyigamba mu gitabo yanditse yise: Mission au Rwanda, Un blanc dans la bagarre TUTSI-HUTU, Bruxelles 1988.
Icyo gihe rero abatutsi bahungiraga muri Paruwasi i Kaduha, ku bari bamaze gucibwa, inka zabo n’amasambu yabo bigabizwa abahutu.
IV. Mu gihe cya Repubulika ya mbere 1962-1973
Amateka y’iki gihe aragoye kuyatandukanya n’ayo guhera mu 1959-1962. Abayoboye igihugu kuva muri 1959 na nyuma ya 1962, umwaka w’ubwigenge, ni bamwe ni Ababiligi na PARMEHUTU: umurongo ngenderwaho muri politiki wari umwe.
Perezida wariho ni Kayibanda Gregoire. Muri Repubulika ya mbere aho urwibutso ruri ubungubu, hari muri perefegitura ya Gikongoro, komini Karambo, umurenge wa Kavumu.
Mu 1963, mu Bunyambiriri, abatutsi barishwe, barohwa mu nzuzi za Rukarara, Mwogo na Mbirurume bishyira muri Nyabarongo. Impamvu y’ubwo bwicanyi ngo nuko Inyenzi zari zateye mu Bugesera. Ibyakozwe ku Gikongoro icyo gihe, by’umwihariko mu Bufundu n’Ubunyambiriri byiswe jenoside n’impuguke, abanditsi n’abashahashatsi batandukanye. Kuri Noheri 1963 no mu minsi yakurikiye Noheri, i Kaduha hiciwe abantu 1677 abagera kuri 500 baburirwa irengero.
Mu by’ukuri, muri icyo gihe abatutsi baratotejwe cyane mu Bunyambiriri; Nkeramugaba Jean Baptiste, Perefe wa Gikongoro muri icyo gihe, ntiyihishe yayoboye ubwicanyi ku mugaragaro. Yagaragaye kenshi i Kaduha akoresha inama aba konseye ba komini zitegura ubwicanyi, bari kumwe n’abitwaga ba responsible b’ishyaka PARMEHUTU.
Ibyo rero byagize ingaruka zikomeye mu mibanire y’abahutu n’abatutsi, abatutsi bakomeje kugirirwa urugomo no mu myaka ya nyuma ya 1963, guhezwa mu bikorwa byose bya politiki, kuvangurwa bagahabwa akato, kubaho bishishanya na bagenzi babo b’abahutu, kubaho mu bwoba, guta ikizere cy’ejo hazaza.V. Mu gihe cya Repubuluka ya Kabiri: guhera kuwa 5 Nyakanga 1973 kugeza kuwa 6 Mata 1994
Iki gihe ni ingoma ya Habyarimana Yuvenali; inyito zakoreshwaga mu butegetsi: perefegitura, superefegitura, Komini, segiteri, serire na nyumbakumi.
Kaduha yabarirwaga muri perefegitura ya Gikongoro, komini Karambo, segiteri Kavumu, serire Kaduha.
Iya 5 Nyakanga 1973, yabanjirijwe n’iyirukanwa ry’abatutsi mu mashuri no mu kazi, itwikirwa n’iyicwa ry’abatutsi cyane cyane muri Gitarama ; iyicwa ry’abafurere b’Abayozifiti i Kabwayi, Perezida Kayibanda na Mgr Perraudin barebera, iyicwa ry’Abatutsi i Mwaka mu Kabagari Komini Mushubati n’ahandi.
I Kaduha rero abatutsi bari bafite ubwoba, kuko bari bamenyereye ko iyo hagize igikoma abatutsi bahohoterwa nkuko byagenze mu 1963. I Kaduha ariko nta muntu wishwe cyangwa ngo atwikirwe muri izo mvururu za 1973, n’abanyeshuri birukanywe ni abaturukaga mu mashuri makuru na kaminuza, amashuri yo muri icyo kiciro ntiyarangwaga mu Bunyambiriri bwose.
Nubwo intero n’inyikirizo mu madisikuru ya Habyarimana yari : Ubumwe n’Amahoro, politiki y’iringaniza yakandamije abatutsi. Arahezwa mu mashuri, mu kazi ako ariko kose ; umututsi ntiyagira urwego na rumwe rw’ubutegetsi yemererwa kujyamo.
Kubera ako gahenge ko kudahozwa ku nkeke, kudahamagarira abaturage kwica abandi ; byatumye abatutsi bibeshya ko n’ubwo badafite imyanya mu nzego z’ubutegetsi, bashobora kwikorera utwabo bakagira imishinga irambye nta gutinya ngo ndubakira iki ko bazongera bagatwika, ngo ndaruhira iki ko ejo nzicwa ; bashyize hamwe n’abandi babana neza biteza imbere; n’amashuri y’abana ababyeyi bashyiraho amashyiramwe yo kwita ku uburezi bw’abana babo kandi babigeraho.
Ntibyatinze ariko kuko ibitero by’Inkotanyi mu 1990, ivuka ry’amashyaka menshi 1991, byatumye umututsi wasigaye mu Rwanda yongera kurebwa nk’umwanzi w’Igihugu, Umugambanyi, icyitso cy’Inyenzi, imyiteguro yo kumuvana ku isi itangira ubwo. Iyi ngoma yasojwe no kurimbura Abatutsi muri Jenoside yabakorewe muri Mata 1994.
VI. Mu gihe cya Jenoside : Guhera kuwa 6 Mata kugeza kuwa 19 Nyakanga 1994
Ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994, bamwe mu batutsi bo muri superefegitura ya Kaduha barafunzwe.
Urugero ni abakozi b’i Kaduha barimo abakoraga kuri superefegitura mu mishinga y’amajyambere, n’abarimu ; bafunzwe bazira ko bishimye ngo Perezida Habyarimana yapfuye. Yarafunzwe uwari Umuyobozi (Directeur) w’umushinga PDAG[1], Bwana Bakundukize Tharcisse, nyuma baje no kumwicana n’umugore we; arafungwa abarimu b’ishuri rikuru ry’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi rya Kaduha EAV/Kaduha (Ecole Agri-Véterinaire de Kaduha). Impamvu mu by’ukuri yabiteye ni uko ku itariki ya 7/4/1994 indege ya Habyarimana yaraye ihanuwe, benshi babimenye mu gitondo, abo barimu barasuranye byitwa ko ngo bahuye ngo bishimire urupfu rwe. Subusitiri Gasana Oscar wakoreraga kuri superegitura ya Kaduha yafashe icyemezo cyo kubafungura kuko yabonaga barengana nawe biba impamvu yo kumwica n’ubwo atari mu bahigwa.
Guhera rero ku itariki ya 8/4/1994, abatutsi hirya no hino muri superefegitura ya Kaduha barishwe. Jenoside yashishikarijwe inayoborwa n’abantu b’injijuke barimo Padiri Nyandwi umurundi wari kuri Paruwasi i Kaduha, Umukozi w’umushinga PDAG witwa Kaga Gatasi wabaye ikirangirire mu kwica i Kaduha, Ngezahayo Straton wahoze ari umusirikare mu ngabo zatsinzwe, Karangwa François umukozi w’urukiko, Kayihura Albert wari Burugumestri wa Muko ; ariko abo bose imbaraga bazihawe n’abajandurume bageze kuri Paruwasi i Kaduha ku itariki 7/4/1994 bahabwa amabwiriza na Colonel SIMBA Aloys.
Ubwicanyi bwabereye kuri Paruwasi ya Kaduha, ku biro by’amakomini : Karambo na Musange.
Hari rero n’abatutsi bagumye mu ngo zabo aba ariho bicirwa, hari abaguye mu nzira bagerageza guhunga.
I Kaduha hiciwe abantu barenga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000) ariko umubare w’abahashyinguwe ubu umaze kugera kuri 47.311, kuko n’ubu abarokotse bataramenya ababo bose aho baguye.
Jenoside yarakomeje mu Bunyambiriri kugera byibura mu 1995 kuko Kaduha yari mu gace kagenzurwa n’ingabo z’Abafaransa mu kiswe Zone Turquoise. I Kaduha kimwe na Gikongoro yose hirunze abasirikare bamaze gutsindwa ku rugamba, n’ interahamwe zihunze Inkotanyi, kandi niko bakomezaga kwica abatutsi.
Kaduha ifite umwihariko w’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside kuko naho Jenoside ihagarikiwe burundu, i Kaduha bakomeje kwica abacitse ku icumu. Urugero ni urupfu rwa Rutinduka Charles mu 2003 i Musange. Ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi i Kaduha byahuruje ubuyobozi bukuru bw’i Gihugu, harimo na Nyakubahwa Prezida wa Repubulika, Sena yagiye gukora yo iperereza na Komisiyo y’Iguhugu y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu yabikozeho raporo.
VII. Izina ry’uwibutso rwa Jenoside
Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 1994 i Kaduha ruherereye mu mudugudu wa Bamba, akagari ka Kavumu, umurenge wa Kaduha, akarere ka Nyamagabe, Intara y’amajyepfo.
Rwubatswe bihagurukiwe n’abacitse ku icumu bahakomoka, baritanga batanga n’amafaranga, bakora ubuvugizi. Ku isonga bavuga : Rwamuhizi Fidèle, Gashugi Laurent n’abandi.
Abarokokeye i Kaduha bashima cyane umubikira MILGHITA, umudagekazi wafashe iya mbere mu kwegeranya imibiri y’abantu, ariko kandi azwi no kuba yarahishe abantu benshi. Byamuviriyemo gutotezwa cyane na bene wabo bihaye Imana, ubu ngo yaba yaranirukwanye mu muryango yabagamo asigaye yibera i Kigali. Uyu mubikira azwi no mu batangabuhamya bashinjaga Musenyeri Misago uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda.